Natural rubber, also called rubber , latex, Amazonian rubber, caucho or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds, plus water. Thailand and Indonesia are two of the leading rubber producers. sorts of polyisoprene that are used as natural rubbers are classified as elastomers.
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Currently, rubber is harvested mainly within the sort of the latex from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) or others. The latex may be a sticky, milky colloid drawn off by making incisions within the bark and collecting the fluid in vessels during a process called “tapping”. The latex then is refined into rubber that’s ready for commercial processing. In major areas, latex is allowed to coagulate within the collection cup. The coagulated lumps are collected and processed into dry forms purchasable.
Natural rubber is employed extensively in many applications and products, either alone or together with other materials. In most of its useful forms, it’s an outsized stretch ratio and high resilience, and is extremely waterproof.
Rubber exhibits unique physical and chemical properties. Rubber’s stress–strain behavior exhibits the Mullins effect and therefore the Payne effect and is usually modeled as hyperelastic. Rubber strain crystallizes. thanks to the presence of weakened allylic C-H bonds in each repeat unit, natural rubber is vulnerable to vulcanisation also as being sensitive to ozone cracking. the 2 main solvents for rubber are turpentine and naphtha (petroleum). Because rubber doesn’t dissolve easily, the fabric is finely divided by shredding before its immersion. An ammonia solution are often wont to prevent the coagulation of raw latex. Rubber begins to melt at approximately 180 °C (356 °F).
Rubber latex is extracted from rubber trees. The economic life period of rubber trees in plantations is around 32 years, up to 7 years of immature phase and about 25 years of productive phase.
The soil requirement is well-drained, weathered soil consisting of laterite, lateritic types, sedimentary types, nonlateritic red or alluvial soils.
The climate for optimum growth of rubber trees are:
- Rainfall of around 250 centimetres (98 in) evenly distributed with none marked season and with a minimum of 100 rainy days per annum
- Temperature range of about 20 to 34 °C (68 to 93 °F), with a monthly mean of 25 to twenty-eight °C (77 to 82 °F)
- Atmospheric humidity of around 80%
- About 2,000 hours sunshine per annum at the speed of six hours per day throughout the year
- Absence of strong wind
- Many high-yielding clones are developed for commercial planting. These clones yield quite 2,000 kilograms per hectare (1,800 lb/acre) of dry rubber per annum , under ideal conditions.
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